ORIGINS OF THE ISRAELI- ARAB CONFLICT

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By Duane Magee

It is readily apparent that the Palestinians and Arabs have a strong hatred for Israel and Jews in general.  Why is this?  Where does this hatred come from?

This conflict has its roots in two events in the life of Abraham.  In these two events Abraham failed to EXACTLY obey G-D.



LOT

About 4000 years ago G-D called Avram (Abram), who was living in Haran with his family.

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Beresheet (GENESIS) 12:1 Now the LORD said to Avram, "Get out of your country, and from your relatives, and from your father's house, to the land that I will show you. 12:2 I will make of you a great nation. I will bless you and make your name great. You will be a blessing. 12:3 I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you. In you will all of the families of the earth be blessed."

But Avram didn't fully obey G-D.

Beresheet (GENESIS)12:4So Avram went, as the LORD had spoken to him. Lot went with him. Avram was seventy-five years old when he departed out of Charan. 12:5Avram took Sarai his wife, Lot his brother's son, all their substance that they had gathered, and the souls whom they had gotten in Charan, and they went forth to go into the land of Kena`an. Into the land of Kena`an they came. 12:6Avram passed through the land to the place of Shekhem, to the oak of Moreh. The Kena`ani was then in the land.

 G-D told Avram to leave his relatives, but Avrah brought along Lot.  Shortly after this, Avrah and Lot's servants came into conflict.  This forced the two parties to split.  But even though they had separated, Avram had to keep rescuing Lot from a variety of troubles.

Beresheet (GENESIS)14:14 When Avram heard that his relative was taken captive, he led forth his trained men, born in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued as far as Dan.

After Lot fled from the destruction of Sodom, his two daughters were fearful that their family would die, so they concocted a plot to preserve their family.

Beresheet (GENESIS)19:30 Lot went up out of Tzo`ar, and lived in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he was afraid to live in Tzo`ar. He lived in a cave with his two daughters. 19:31The firstborn said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in to us after the manner of all the earth. 19:32Come, let's make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve our father's seed." 19:33They made their father drink wine that night: and the firstborn went in, and lay with her father. He didn't know when she lay down, nor when she arose. 19:34It came to pass on the next day, that the firstborn said to the younger, "Behold, I lay last night with my father. Let us make him drink wine again, tonight. You go in, and lie with him, that we may preserve our father's seed." 19:35They made their father drink wine that night also. The younger went and lay with him. He didn't know when she lay down, nor when she got up. 19:36Thus both of Lot's daughters were with child by their father. 19:37The firstborn bore a son, and named him Mo'av. He is the father of the Mo`avim to this day. 19:38The younger also bore a son, and called his name Ben-`Ammi. He is the father of the children of `Ammon to this day.

This led to the birth of Moab, who became the father of the Moabite nation, and Benammi, who became the father of Ammonite nation.

The Moabites and the Ammonites frequently harrassed the Israelites throughout the Old Testament (Tanak).  They hindered the Israelites when they were returning to their promised land from Egypt.

Bamidbar (NUMBERS)22:1The children of Yisra'el traveled, and encamped in the plains of Mo'av beyond the Yarden at Yericho. 22:2Balak the son of Tzippor saw all that Yisra'el had done to the Amori. 22:3Mo'av was sore afraid of the people, because they were many: and Mo'av was distressed because of the children of Yisra'el. 22:4Mo'av said to the elders of Midyan, Now will this multitude lick up all that is round about us, as the ox licks up the grass of the field. Balak the son of Tzippor was king of Mo'av at that time. 22:5He sent messengers to Bil`am the son of Be'or, to Petor, which is by the River, to the land of the children of his people, to call him, saying, Behold, there is a people come out from Egypt: behold, they cover the surface of the earth, and they abide over against me. 22:6Please come now therefore curse me this people; for they are too mighty for me: peradventure I shall prevail, that we may strike them, and that I may drive them out of the land; for I know that he whom you bless is blessed, and he whom you curse is cursed.

Centuries later, when the Jews were returning from their Babylonian exile, it was the Moabites and Amonites that tried to prevent the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem and Temple.

Nechemyah (NEHEMIAH) 2:10When Sanvallat the Choronite, and Toviyah the servant, the `Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly, because a man had come to seek the welfare of the children of Yisra'el. 2:11So I came to Yerushalayim, and was there three days. 2:12 I arose in the night, I and some few men with me; neither told I any man what my God put into my heart to do for Yerushalayim; neither was there any animal with me, except the animal that I rode on. 2:13 I went out by night by the valley gate, even toward the jackal's well, and to the dung gate, and viewed the walls of Yerushalayim, which were broken down, and the gates of it were consumed with fire. 2:14 Then I went on to the spring gate and to the king's pool: but there was no place for the animal that was under me to pass. 2:15 Then went I up in the night by the brook, and viewed the wall; and I turned back, and entered by the valley gate, and so returned. 2:16 The rulers didn't know where I went, or what I did; neither had I as yet told it to the Jews, nor to the kohanim, nor to the nobles, nor to the rulers, nor to the rest who did the work. 2:17 Then said I to them, You see the evil case that we are in, how Yerushalayim lies waste, and the gates of it are burned with fire: come, and let us build up the wall of Yerushalayim, that we be no more a reproach. 2:18 I told them of the hand of my God which was good on me, as also of the king's words that he had spoken to me. They said, Let us rise up and build. So they strengthened their hands for the good work. 2:19 But when Sanvallat the Choronite, and Toviyah the servant, the `Ammonite, and Geshem the `Arvian, heard it, they ridiculed us, and despised us, and said, What is this thing that you do? will you rebel against the king?

Nechemyah (NEHEMIAH) 4:7 But it happened that when Sanvallat, Toviyah, the `Aravi'im, the `Ammonim, and the Ashdodi heard that the repairing of the walls of Yerushalayim went forward, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very angry; 4:8 and they conspired all of them together to come and fight against Yerushalayim, and to cause confusion therein.


That brings us to today.  What modern nation is descended from the Moabites and Ammonites?  What nation has a capital city called Ammon?  Jordan. 

And where is Ammon, Jordan located?  Over the ruins of the ancient capital of the Ammonites, called Rabbath-Amman.


And what is Jordan?
   




The Balfour Declaration in 1921 created a modern home for the Jews in the area of the world referred to as Palestine.  This included  what is now the nation of Jordan.  According to the Peel commission, which investigated the 1936 Arab riots, "the field in which the Jewish National home was to be established was understood, at the time of the Balfour Declaration, to be the whole of historic Palestine, including Transjordan."                                      
Ben Halpern, The Idea Of A Jewish State, (MA: Harvard University Press, 1969) page 21

But in 1921 Colonial Secretary Winston Churchill cut about 80% of Palestine that was to have been part of the Jewish National Home, according to the Balfour Declaration.  It was called Transjordan.  This was a consolation prize to Abdullah, son of Sherif Hussein, for the Hejaz (
NW Saudi Arabia, on the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea. Mecca is the chief city) and Arabia going to the Saud family.  Churchill felt the British had to award an emerite to Abdullah because of his help fighting Turkey.


ISAAC, ISHMAEL AND HAGAR

The second event that has led to this centuries old conflict  has its roots in Abraham's attempt to "help" G-D fulfill HIS promise to Abraham to "make of you a great nation."

Beresheet (GENESIS) 15:4 Behold, the word of the LORD came to him, saying, "This man will not be your heir, but he who will come forth out of your own body will be your heir."


His wife Sarah was barren and continued to be barren for many years following this word spoken over him.  The time came when it became physically impossible for Sarah to have children.  But with G-D all things are possible.

Because of Sarah's unbelief, she decided to follow worldly customs at this time and have her husband conceive a child with her Egyptian handmaiden Hagar.  

Beresheet (GENESIS) 16:2 Sarai said to Avram, "See now, the LORD has restrained me from bearing. Please go in to my handmaid. It may be that I will obtain children by her." Avram listened to the voice of Sarai. 16:3 Sarai, Avram's wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her handmaid, after Avram had lived ten years in the land of Kena`an, and gave her to Avram her husband to be his wife. 16:4 He went in to Hagar, and she conceived.

Hagar gave birth to Ishmael. But G-D wasn't pleased and refused to accept  Ishmael as the son through whom the covenant would be carried on.

17:18Avraham said to God, "Oh that Yishma'el might live before you!"

Beresheet (GENESIS) 17:19 God said, "No, but Sarah, your wife, will bear you a son. You shall call his name Yitzchak. I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his seed after him..17:21 But my covenant I establish with Yitzchak, whom Sarah will bear to you at this set time next year."

Hagar was an Egyptian.  Ishmael's wife was also an Egyptian.
 
Beresheet (GENESIS) 21:20 G-d was with the boy, and he grew. He lived in the wilderness, and became, as he grew up, an archer. 21:21 He lived in the wilderness of Paran. His mother took a wife for him out of the land of Egypt.

In 1979 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat said on national television to Israeli Prime ministerMenachem Begin that it was time for the children of Ishmael to get back with the children of Isaac.

The Egyptians made slaves out of the Israelites during their sojourn in Egypt.  This is outlined in Exodus chapters 1-10.  It took a series of plagues for Pharaoh to let the Israelites return to their homeland.

After the reign of Solomon, the Egyptians raided and looted the land.

The First Book Melakhim ( 1 KINGS) 14:25 It happened in the fifth year of king Rechav`am, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Yerushalayim; 14:26 and he took away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house; he even took away all: and he took away all the shields of gold which Shlomo had made

Years later they attacked Megiddo and killed King Josiah.

The Second Book Melakhim ( 2 KINGS) 23:29In his days Par`oh-Nekho king of Egypt went up against the king of Ashur to the river Perat: and king Yoshiyahu went against him; and Par`oh-Nekho killed him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.

At another time Egypt deposed their king and replaced him with one who "did evil in the sight of THE LORD"

The Second Book of Divre Hayamim ( 2 Chronicles) 36:3 The king of Egypt deposed him at Yerushalayim, and fined the land one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. 36:4 The king of Egypt made Elyakim his brother king over Yehudah and Yerushalayim, and changed his name to Yehoiakim. Nekho took Yo'achaz his brother, and carried him to Egypt. 36:5 Yehoiakim was Twenty-five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Yerushalayim: and he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God

In modern times Egypt have spearheaded several wars against Israel.  President Nasser stated " We will push the Israelites into the sea,"  

Arab Moslems also claim to be descendents of Ishmael.  

Beresheet (GENESIS) 17:20 As for Yishma'el, I have heard you. Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly. He will become the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation.

Who is this "great nation"?  

Who were these 12 princes that G-D promised to Ishmael?

Beresheet (GENESIS) 25:13 These are the names of the sons of Yishma'el, by their names, according to the order of their birth: the firstborn of Yishma'el, Nevayot, then Kedar, Adbe'el, Mivsam, 25:14 Mishma, Dumah, Massa, 25:15Chadad, Tema, Yetur, Nafish, and Kedemah. 25:16 These are the sons of Yishma'el, and these are their names, by their villages, and by their encampments: twelve princes, according to their nations


These tribes made up  nations that dwelt from Havilah to Shur, and from Egypt to Assyria.
Havilah: A district in Arabia-Felix. It is uncertain whether the tribe gave its name to this region or derived its name from it, and whether it was originally a Cushite (Gen. 10:7) or a Joktanite tribe (10:29; compare 25:18), or whether there were both a Cushite and a Joktanite Havilah. It is the opinion of Kalisch, however, that Havilah "in both instances designates the same country, extending at least from the Persian to the Arabian Gulf, and on account of its vast extent easily divided into two distinct parts." This opinion may be well vindicated.

Shur: probably, of the Arabian desert, on the northeastern border of Egypt, giving its name to a wilderness extending from Egypt toward Philistia (Gen. 16:7; 20:1; 25:18; Ex.15:22)

Nevayot:  Jewish historian Josephus  identified the Nabataeans of his time with Nevayot.. He claimed  the Nabataeans lived in the area from the Euphrates to the Red Sea.  Josephus goes on to say that it was the Nabataeans who conferred their names on the Arabian nations. (Jewish Antiquities I.22,1) Josephus lived and wrote during the time that the Nabataeans were in existence, and supposedly, he obtained his information directly from the Nabataeans themselves. These Nabataeans spoke and wrote an early form of Arabic and thus they were often referred to as 'Arabs' by Greek and Roman historians.

Kedar:  The sons of Kedar became known as the Kedarites who were the main military power of the sons of Ishmael. Isaiah speaks of Kedar's 'glory and her gifted archers.' (Isaiah 21:16-17)  Ezekiel 27:21 associates Arabia with all of the princes of Kedar.  The Kedarites are mentioned in a number of places in the Bible, and always referred to as nomads.

Adbe'el : The tribe of Adbeel is often identified with the people of Idibi'ilu of the land of Arubu, who became subjects to Tiglath Pileser II (744 - 727 BC). This Idibi'ilu was given the duty as the Assyrian king's agent on the borders of Egypt. His tribe was said to have dwelt far away, towards the west. From this reference, some historians have thought that the tribe of Adbeel lived in the Sinai.

Mivsam: Some historians have wondered if the descendants of Mishma were the founders of the villages around Jebel Misma.

Mishma:
Some historians have wondered if the descendants of Mishma were the founders of the villages around Jebel Misma

Dumah:
Dumah is generally identified by historians with the Addyrian Adummatu people. From a geographical standpoint, Adummatu is often associated with the medieval Arabic Dumat el-Jandal, which was in ancient times a very important and strategic junction on the major trade route between Syria, Babylon, Najd and the Hijaz area. This strategic location effectively made Dumah the entrance to north Arabia. This oasis was the center of rule for many north Arabian kings and queens, as related to us in Assyrian records.

Massa:
The records of Tiglath Pileser III mentions the inhabitants of Mas'a and of Tema. On the summit of Jebal Ghunaym, located about fourteen kilometers south of Tayma, archeologists Winnett and Reed discovered some graffiti texts mentioning the tribe Massaa, in connection with Dedan and Nebayot. They refer to the war against Dedan, the war against Nabayat and the war against Massaa. These tribes appear to have been close to each other at this time. The tribe of Massaa is possibly connected with the Masanoi of North Arabia as mentioned by Ptolemy, Geography v18, 2.

Chadad: Some historians speculate that this tribe may have become known as the Harar, or the Hararina people that lived near the mountains northwest of Palmyra, an ancient city of central Syria. A small modern village known as Tudmur is on the site. An oasis N of the Syrian Desert, 130 mi (209 km) NE of Damascus.

Tema:
Teyma is usually associated with the ancient oasis of Tayma, located northeast of the Hijaz district, on the trade route between Tathrib (Medina) and Dumah.

Yetur:
Montgomery (Arabia and the Bible) suggests that the descendants of Jetur, Naphish and Kedemah became a group together Yetur, Naphish, and the Hagarenes are located in I Chronicles 5:19 in the Transjordan.
Nafish
Kedemah


The descendants of Hagar, Ishmael's mother, have been studied by a number of different people. The Biblical record tells us that during the time of King Saul, Saul fought with the Hagarites who were living east of Gilead. Apparently, they must have moved from this location to present day Iraq because they are found later in the Assyrian records.

It is readily apparent that the 12 princes of Ishmael became many of the present day Arab tribes.  


COMMENTS FROM THE AUTHOR

The above information on the was taken from the Dan Gibson website
http://nabataea.net/12tribes.html

He has graciously given me permission to directly link to his excellently written article.